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Options to Enhance the Impact of AKST on Development and Sustainability Goals | 383
Table 6-2. continued
| AKST potential to address challenge | AKST gaps and needs: Technology and knowledge | AKST gaps and needs: Capacity building, policies, and investments | Regional applicability |
| Rain water harvesting, supplemental and small scale irrigation for rainfed systems (6.8.1.2) | Affordable small scale technologies for rain water harvesting and water management | Investment in water management for rainfed systems | SAsia, SSA (A) |
| Integrate soil water and soil fertility management (6.6.2.2; 6.6.3.3) | Enhance crop residue return to bolster soil organic matter levels, seed treatment of fertilizer with improved rainwater capture | SAsia, SSA (A) | |
| Multiple water use systems, domestic and productive uses, crops/livestock/ fisheries (6.6.3.2) | Institutional and design requirements for MUS systems | Policy that promotes sector integration | All regions |
| Maintaining yields in high productivity systems | |||
| Conventional Breeding/rDNA assisted (6.3.1.1) | Develop varieties with higher yield potential | IPTGR; Plant Variety Protection Reinvest in plant breeding professionals |
All regions |
| Transgenics (GM) (6.3.1.2) | Incorporate yield enhancing traits Appropriateness to small holder systems | Biosafety protocol; Public sector investment I PR issues to resolve | All regions |
| Soil nutrient management to reduce pollution (6.6.2.1) | Wider adoption of precision agriculture technologies | Regulations and law enforcement in developing countries | All regions |
| Improve performance in intensive livestock systems (6.2) | Application of production methods and techniques to optimize the use of inputs. | All regions with livestock systems | |
| Enhance livestock productivity through use of biotechnology, genomics and transgenics for breeding (6.3.2) | Enhance capacities for gene identification and mapping, gene cloning, DNA sequencing, gene expression. | All regions | |
| Restore existing irrigation systems (6.6.3.1) | Environmentally sound management of irrigation systems | Investment in irrigation | SE Asia, S. Asia, Central Asia, China (A); SSA (B) |
| Increase sustainable use of groundwater (6.6.3.2) | Hydrologic process understanding for sustainable use of groundwater | S. Asia, China (A) SSA (B) |
|
| Improve sustainability of protected cultivation (6.1.1.1) | Low-cost multifunctional films Ecologically sound management for greenhouses |
Internalize externalities | NAE, Mediterranean (A) LAC, SSA (B) |
| Precision irrigation, deficit irrigation (6.6.3.1) | Technologies for use of low quality water in precision irrigation | Policies for secure access to water and for effective water allocation | NAE, MENA (A) S. and SE Asia, SSA (B) |
| Adaptation to and mitigation of climate change | |||
| Broader adoption of soil conserving practices to reduced projected increase in soil erosion with climate change (6.8.1.1) | Prioritization of soil erosion 'hotspots' | Enhance land tenure security Strengthen conservation allotment policies. | All regions, esp. in mountainous develop, countries |
| Conventional breeding and biotechnology to enhance abiotic stress tolerance (6.3.1.1; 6.2; 6.8.1.1) Genetic and agronomic improvement of underutilized crops (6.8.1.1) | Change crop types; agroecosystem zone matching; Identify genes needed for GM | Biosafety protocol Public sector investment | All regions |
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