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382 | IAASTD Global Report

Table 6-2. continued

AKST potential to address challenge AKST gaps and needs: Technology and knowledge AKST gaps and needs: Capacity building, policies, and investments Regional applicability
Multiple water use systems, domestic and productive uses, crops/livestock/ fisheries (6.4.2.2) Institutional and design requirements for MUS systems Policy that promotes sector integration All regions
Basin water management (6.4.2.2) Basin management tools Benefit sharing tools for negotiation Policies for effective water allocation All regions
Linking knowledge systems      
Promote local uses of biodiversity (6.1.2; 6.8.1.2) Mobilize and promote indigenous technologies and innovation systems, and resolve intellectual property issues. Education, training and dissemination, extension; international coordination of IPR systems. All regions
Enhance participatory approaches for natural resource management (6.7.5.1) Merge farmer-based and region-specific innovation systems with formal research
Improved collaborative NRM for rare species (CITES)
Formal and indigenous mapping tools for monitoring of fragmented biodiversity 		Gender mainstreaming Scientific and digital divide
Education, training and extension, equity, transboundary initiatives and collaborations 		All regions
Increase participatory research that merges indigenous and Western science (farmer field schools, seed fairs) (6.6.1; 6.7.5.1) Develop affordable technologies that integrate local, farmer-based innovation systems with formal research Promotion of grassroot extension, transboundary collaborations All regions
Promote underutilized crops (6.6.1) Develop approaches that integrate local knowledge systems with formal research IPR, biopiracy, information and dissemination All regions
Enhancing health and nutrition      
Detection, surveillance, and response to emerging diseases (6.7.3)
Better surveillance of zoonotic diseases Early disease warning systems
Integrated vector and pest management
Environmental management of dams to reduce vector-borne disease 		Improve understanding of disease transmission dynamics
More rapid and accurate diagnostic tools Improved vaccines
Develop faster genomic-based methods for diagnostics and surveillance 		Public health infrastructure and health care systems
Better integration of human and veterinary health 		SSA, S. and SE Asia (B)
Biofortification of crop germplasm (6.2; 6.7.1; 6.7.2) Cost effective and efficient screening methods for breeding and introducing multi-gene traits
Incorporate multiple nutrient traits 		Public sector financing and work force
Biosafety protocol Public sector investment 		SSA, S. and SE Asia (A,B)
Multiple water use systems, domestic and productive uses, crops/livestock/ fisheries (6.6.3) Institutional and design requirements for MUS systems, such as Rice+Fish program; rice livestock programs Policy that promotes sector integration; Enhance incentives for breeders All regions
Closing yield gaps in low productivity systems      
Improve practices for root health management (6.1.3) Genomics-based diagnostic tools for understanding root disease dynamics Bolster S&T capacity in pest management All regions
Conventional Breeding/rDNA assisted (6.3.1.1; 6.8.1.1) Incorprate traits that confer stable performance like weed competitiveness, resistance to pest & diseases & tolerance to abiotic stresses IPTGR Plant Variety Protection Public sector investment All regions (A, B)
Transgenics (GM) (6.3) Develop biosafety testing methodologies.
Incorporate genes conferring stable performance 		Biosafety protocol Public sector investment All regions (A, B)
Improve the performance of livestock in pastoral and semi-pastoral subsistence communities. (6.2) Enhance nutrient cycling Improve access to grazing and water-endowed areas for nomadic and semi-nomadic communities SSA (A, B)
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