6

Options to Enhance the Impact of AKST on Development and Sustainability Goals

Coordinating Lead Authors   6.4.1 On-farm options 396
Ameenah Gurib-Fakim (Mauritius) and Linda Smith (UK)   6.4.2 Market mechanisms and incentives for agroforestry 396
    6.5 Sustainable Management of Fishery and Aquaculture
Lead Authors     Systems 398
Nazimi Acikgoz (Turkey), Patrick Avato (Germany/Italy), Deborah   6.6 Improve Natural Resource Management and Habitat Preservation 399
Bossio (USA), Kristie Ebi (USA), André Gonçalves (Brazil), Jack A.    
Heinemann (New Zealand), Thora Martina Herrmann (Germany),   6.6.1 The landscape management challenge 399
Jonathan Padgham (USA), Johanna Pennarz (Germany), Urs   6.6.2 Address poor land and soil management to deliver sustainable
Scheidegger (Switzerland), Leo Sebastian (Philippines), Miguel     increases in productivity 400
Taboada (Argentina), Ernesto Viglizzo (Argentina)     6.6.2.1   Options for fertile lands 400
      6.6.2.2  Options for low fertility lands 402
Contributing Authors   6.6.3 Sustainable use of water resources to meet on-farm food and fiber demands 402
Felix Bachmann (Switzerland), Barbara Best (USA), Jacques Brossier    
(France), Cathy Farnworth (UK), Constance Gewa (Kenya), Edwin     6.6.3.1  Managing evapotranspiration 403
Gyasi (Ghana), Cesar Izaurralde (Argentina), Roger Leakey (UK),     6.6.3.2 Multiple use livelihoods approach 404
Jennifer Long (Canada), Shawn McGuire (Canada), Patrick Meier     6.6.3.3  Management and financing options 406
(USA), Ivette Perfecto (Puerto Rico), Christine Zundel (Brazil)   6.7 Using AKSTto Improve Health and Nutrition 407
    6.7.1 On-farm options for reducing malnutrition and micronutrient
Review Editors     deficiencies 407
David Bouldin (USA) and Stella Williams (Nigeria)   6.7.2 Research needs for reducing malnutrition and micronutrient
      deficiencies 408
    6.7.3 Reduce factors that facilitate the emergence and reemergence
      of human and animal diseases 409
Key Messages     6.7.3.1   On-farm options 409
6.1 Improving Productivity and Sustainability of Crop     6.7.3.2 Research needs 410
  Systems 379   6.7.4 Tackling persistent chemicals to protect human health and the
6.1.1 Small-scale, diversified farming systems 379     environment 410
  6.1.1.1  Research options for improved productivity 379     6.7.4.1   On-farm options 410
  6.1.1.2 Land use options for enhancing productivity 386     6.7.4.2  Off-farm technology 410
6.1.2 Achieving sustainable pest and disease management 386   6.7.5 Information and knowledge systems 411
  6.1.2.1  Diversification for pest resistance 387     6.7.5.1  Traditional, local knowledge options 411
  6.1.2.2 Tools for detection, prediction, and tracking 388     6.7.5.2  Science and technology options 411
6.1.3 Plant root health 389     6.7.5.2.1 Remote sensing technology 411
  6.1.3.1  Low input options 389     6.7.5.2.2 Information and communications technology (ICT) 412
  6.1.3.2 Research needs and options 389     6.7.5.2.3 Nanotechnology 415
6.1.4 Value chains, market development 390     6.7.5.3  Participatory approaches to AKST 415
6.2 Improve Productivity and Sustainability of Livestock Systems 391   6.8 Adaptation to Climate Change, Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases 416
     
6.3 Breeding Options for Improved Environmental and Social Sustainability 391   6.8.1 AKST innovations 416
      6.8.1.1  Technological (high-input) optionsn 416
6.3.1 Crop breeding 391     6.8.1.2  On-farm (low input) options 418
  6.3.1.1  Options for conventional plant breeding 392   6.8.2 Sustainable use of bioenergy 422
  6.3.1.2 Optimize the pace and productivity of plant breeding 392     6.8.2.1  Liquid biofuels for transport 422
6.3.2 Livestock breeding options 395     6.8.2.2 Bioenergy and rural development 424
6.4 Improve Forestry and Agroforestry Systems as Providers of Multifunctionality 396      

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