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152 | Index
Mgori Forest example, 85b |
Nutritional security: fisheries and, 15, 36; processing food and, 26; wildlife/livestock disease control, 34. See also Food security O Oil and conflict, 3 Organic farming, 26, 68, 72, 74, 92 P PADETES (Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System), 103 Pan-African land initiative, 108b “Paper parks,” 116 Parasitic weeds, 23, 24, 26 Participatory approaches: climate change adaptation, 101; community driven development (CDD), 102–103; description, 101; food security, 101; forest management, 84, 85b, 86, 119; integrated crop management (ICM), 102; integrated pest management (IPM), 101, 102; “linguistic divide,” 101, 112; modeling systems and, 104–105; NARS, 103–104; new breeds propagation, 15; research and development, 56, 101; technology transfer, 101; tree domestication, 64; value chain development, 101 Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System (PADETES), 103 Participatory GIS, 105 Participatory plant breeding (PPB), 101 Pastoralism: conflict with farmers, 16, 17; description, 29–30; ethnoveterinary remedies, 68; rangeland management, 111– 112, 112b; regulations, 30; sustainability, 30; trends, 28; wildlife and, 30, 112. See also Livestock production Patents: for biotechnologies, 68, 105; exemptions, 105; GM/GMOs, 68, 105; intellectual property rights, 105; laws, 105; South Africa Patent Office, 70; traditional/ local knowledge, 56–57 Payment for ecosystem services (PES), 82, 93, 98, 119 Pesticides: human health problems, 52; Nile perch bans, 25; use, 25; WHO categories, 25. See also Chemicals Pest management: resistant varieties, 24; traditional/local knowledge, 24–25, 26. See also Integrated pest management (IPM) Pests: examples of, 24; postharvest storage, 24. See also Diseases; specific pests Plantation forests, 34, 64 Pollution: air pollution, 5, 39, 120; paying for, 114; water pollution, 25, 110 Population of sub-Saharan Africa: problems from, 34, 50, 65; statistics, 9, 34 Population/urbanization percentage by continents, 83t Postharvest losses, 73 Postharvest management: pests/disease and, 24; storage reasons, 24; traditional/local knowledge, 15, 24. See also Processing Poultry production: Newcastle disease and, 32, 34; overview, 28; predictions, 90 Poverty/poor people: deforestation and, 34; link with biomass use, 39; link with transport, |
58; poverty line statistics, 2; vulnerability to climate change, 50 Poverty reduction: inequality reduction and, 10; research and, 10; wildlife/livestock disease control, 34 Price stabilization and storage, 24 Privatizing agriculture, 42 Processing: inconsistencies, 26–27; infrastructure inadequacies, 59; methods, 26–27; reasons for, 26; traditional/local knowledge, 26–27 Productivity of agriculture: Afrotropic terrestrial realm, 5; agropastoral systems, 30; aquaculture, 15, 36; decline statistics, 9; effects on poverty, 2, 10; fertilizers, 18, 62; fisheries, 36–37; forests in future, 84, 86; HIV/AIDS and, 9, 51–52, 57, 113, 123; livestock, 31–32, 32t; mixed crop-based systems, 30, 31; monoculture/ monocropping, 67, 100; pastoralism, 30; rainfed agriculture, 66. See also Cereal production Protected areas, 5 “Push-pull” habitat management, 26 R Rainfed agriculture: AKST and, 65, 66; prevalence, 16, 83; productivity, 66 “Range ecology,” 111 Rat control, 25 Regional Food Plan for Africa (AFPLAN), 54 Remittance services, 73 Research and development investments: collaboration, 54–55; by country, 11, 11t; disparities, 11, 11t, 100; economic returns, 10–11, 54; growth rate variations (1991- 2000), 12t; international actors/initiatives, 54, 55–56; investment impacts overview, 10–11; NARS, 54, 55; national actors/ initiatives, 54; participatory approaches, 56, 101; as percentage of agricultural output, 99; private sector, 11, 100; public expenditures, 11t, 54; regional actors/ initiatives, 54–55; researcher numbers, 100; trends, 10–11. See also Agricultural development Rice production: golden rice, 100; overview, 23; prevalence, 19; System of Rice Intensification, 22, 23 Rift Valley Fever (RVF), 15, 32 Rinderpest, 15, 27, 32–33 Rivers, 4 Roots production, 90, 92t Rotation types, 22 S SADC (Southern African Development Community), 53, 55, 69, 70, 107 Savanna fallows, 22 Sea-level rise, 5, 8 Seed banks, 67 Seed exchanges, 19, 21 Shifting agriculture, 35 Siltation, 4 Size of farms, 8 Slash and burn agriculture, 17, 113 Sleeping sickness, 33. See also Trypanosomiasis |
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