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1

Setting the Scene

Coordinating Lead Authors:
Ali Taha Ayoub (Sudan), Rym Ben Zid (Tunisia)

Lead Authors:
Saad M. Alayyash (Jordan), Sonia Ali (Egypt), Yameen Memon (Pakistan)

Contributing Authors:
Jean Albergel (France), Nour Chachaty (Syria), Celine Dutilly-Diane (France), Mahmud Duwayri (Jordan), Ahmad El-Wakeel (Sudan), Alessandra Galié (Italy), Stefania Grando (Italy), Thameen Hijawi (Palestine), Ayfer Tan (Turkey), Selma Tozanli (Turkey), Lokman Zaibet (Tunisia)

Review Editors:
Azza Emara (Egypt) and Jad Isaac (Palestine)

Key Messages

1.1 Profile of CWANA 3
  1.1.1 Overview 3
  1.1.2 Ecosystems 3
    1.1.2.1  Aridity zones 3
    1.1.2.2 Water resources 6
    1.1.2.3 Status of soil 6
    1.1.2.4 Agrobiodiversity 7
  1.1.3 Climate change 7
  1.1.4 Macroeconomic indicators 7
    1.1.4.1 GDP and agriculture’s share 7
    1.1.4.2 National saving and investment 8
  1.1.5 Geopolitics 10
1.2 Well-being 10
  1.2.1 Demography 10
  1.2.2 Poverty 11
  1.2.3 Food security 12
1.3 Status of Agriculture 14
  1.3.1 Agricultural livelihood strategies 14
    1.3.1.1 Production systems 14
    1.3.1.2 Role of women in agriculture 16
  1.3.2 Agricultural land use 17
  1.3.3 Livestock and fisheries 18
  1.3.4 Policies and interventions in rangeland management 19
1.4 Key Issues 19
1.5 Status of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology 23
  1.5.1 Knowledge 23
  1.5.2 Science and technology 23
  1.5.3 Extension and systems of technology transfers 25
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