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138 | Annex C
Participatory Varietal Selection (PVS) A process by which
farmers and other stakeholders along the food chain are
involved with researchers in the selection of varieties
from formal and farmer-based collections and trials, to
determine which are best suited to their own agroecosystems’
needs, uses and preferences, and which should
go ahead for finishing, wider release and dissemination.
The information gathered may in turn be fed back into
formal-led breeding programs. Pesticide A toxic chemical or biological product that kills organisms (e.g., insecticides, fungicides, weedicides, rodenticides). Poverty There are many definitions of poverty. Absolute Poverty: According to a UN declaration that resulted from the World Summit on Social Development in 1995, absolute poverty is a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information. It depends not only on income but also on access to services. Dimensions of Poverty: The individual and social characteristics of poverty such as lack of access to health and education, powerlessness or lack of dignity. Such aspects of deprivation experienced by the individual or group are not captured by measures of income or expenditure. Extreme Poverty: Persons who fall below the defined poverty line of US$1 income per day. The measure is converted into local currencies using purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates. Other definitions of this concept have identified minimum subsistence requirements, the denial of basic human rights or the experience of exclusion. Poverty Line: A minimum requirement of welfare, usually defined in relation to income or expenditure, used to identify the poor. Individuals or households with incomes or expenditure below the poverty line are poor. Those with incomes or expenditure equal to or above the line are not poor. It is common practice to draw more than one poverty line to distinguish different categories of poor, for example, the extreme poor. Private Rate of Return The gain in net revenue to the private firm/business divided by the cost of an investment expressed in percentage. Processes A series of actions, motions, occurrences, a method, mode, or operation, whereby a result or effect is produced. Production Technology All methods that farmers, market agents and consumers use to cultivate, harvest, store, process, handle, transport and prepare food crops, cash crops, livestock, etc., for consumption. Protected Area A geographically defined area which is designated or regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives as defined by society. Public Goods A good or service in which the benefit received by any one party does not diminish the availability of the benefits to others, and/or where access to the good cannot be restricted. Public goods have the properties of non-rivalry in consumption and non-excludability. Public R&D Investment Includes R&D investments done by government agencies, nonprofit institutions, and higher- |
education agencies. It excludes the private for-profit enterprises. |
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