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70 | North America and Europe (NAE) Report

Table 2-17. Proportions of expenditures in real values (average of 1995 and 1999).

  Housing Food Furnishings Education and leisure Transport and communications Clothing Health
Western EU 19.24 18.45 6.81 12.03 12.73 5.45 8.54
Central and Eastern EU 24.66 22.06 3.43 17.42 8.61 3.46 10.89
Total 21.02 19.66 5.69 13.83 11.36 4.79 9.32

Source: Schenkel et al., 2005.

Table 2-18. Index of relative price.

  Food Clothing Housing Furnishings Transport and communications Education and leisure Health
Western EU 86.94 107.9 97.5 93.06 109.6 107.6 99.28
Central and Eastern EU 139.6 183.2 75.38 157.1 175.5 51.85 66.62

Note: GDP index for each country, 100.

Source: Schenkel et al., 2005.

Table 2-19. NAE food supply: Energy, protein and fats per capita per day.

    Western Europe     Eastern Europe     USA  
  Calories (kcal) Protein (g) Fats (g) Calories (kcal) Protein (g) Fats (g) Calories (kcal) Protein (g) Fats (g)
1961 2003 3,001 3,535 87 109 106 149 3,118 3,227 91 95 79 109 3,100 3,900 92 112 138 178

Source: FAOSTAT, 2006 and USDA-ERS, 2005b.

     Available food calories have increased in the range of 18-26% in Western Europe and USA between 1961 and 2003, presently reaching values of 3500 to 3900 calories per capita per day. During the same period, protein supply has increased by 22-25% and fat supply by 29-41%. Increases were much more modest in Eastern Europe, as food calories increased by only 3% and protein by 4% between 1961 and 2003. In contrast, total fat supply increased considerably, i.e., by 37% in the same period.
     Noteworthy is the amount of calories provided by lip-ids in the diet, which is presently around 40% in Western Europe and America, but 30% in Eastern Europe (derived from data presented in Table 2-20). Another feature is the change in the percentage of calories or nutrients derived from animal vs. plant products for Western and Eastern Eu-

 

rope (Table 2-20). Whereas the percentage of calories from animal origin slightly increased between 1961 and 2003, the percentage of proteins from animal origin increased more dramatically (reaching 60% in 2003 for Western Europe). In contrast, the percentage of animal fats in the diet actually decreased over the same period, especially in Eastern Europe where it was quite high in the 1960s.

2.8.7 Key Changes in consumption systems
Across NAE, the amount that consumers spend on food provisioning has significantly decreased, reflecting the de­cline in real prices for food. However, this change has been accompanied by an increasingly differentiated food market­place. Consumers across NAE are spending more on food eaten away from home. Strong markets for organic, fair

Table 2-20. NAE food supply: Percentage of energy, protein and fats from animal sources.

 

Western Europe

Eastern Europe

1961 2003

Calories

Protein

Fats

Calories

Protein

Fats

Percent from animal sources

29 31

51 60

64 55

23 26

36 50

73 59

Source: FAOSTAT, 2006.

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