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Index | 231
| Convention on Biological Diversity, 102–3, 203 Corporations, transnational conglomerates, AKST impact on, 108 food chains and, 42, 43 intellectual property rights and, 180 in life as it is scenario, 145 MERCOSUR and, 107 in order from strength scenario, 140, 143 in technogarden scenario, 156 Cosmovisions, 7, 9f Credit institutions and women, 192 Creditworthy poor, 209 Cross-cutting issues, 182 Cultural marginalization, 193–94 Culture cultural context, 25–27 development policies and, 192–95 diversity in, 2 knowledge, culture, and agricultural development, 46–48 sociocultural characteristics of LAC, 44–45 See also Indigenous peoples D Deaths from agrochemicals, 60–61 Decentralization of AKST system, 197 of financing, 207 of research activities, 91, 95 Decision making, participation and, 195–97 Deforestation agricultural alternatives to Amazon burning, 172 environmental context, 22–25 as environmental impact, 57–58 extent and change of forest area, 24t malaria and, 26 Degradation. See Environmental impacts Demographic bonus, 204 Desalinization, 102 Development AKST investment impact and, 95–98 culture and development policies, 192–95 environmental development and search for degradation solutions, 171–72 evolution of, development models, 12–13 knowledge, culture, and agricultural development, 46–48 Participatory Innovation and Development (PID) systems, 86–87 scenario implications for policies on, 159–63 social, 125, 129t, 138 sustainable, 171–74 (See also Sustainable development scenarios) territorial, 108 UN millennium development goals, 6, 17, 19, 21 Differentiated support policies, 201 Diffuse model, 178 Diffusionism, 192nn30 E Earth Summit (U.N. Conference on Environment and Development), 82, 202 Economic context, 20–22 Economic impacts of production systems, 62 Economic resources, availability of, 29–30 |
Education in adaptive mosaic scenario, 150 ethical principles and, 171 in global orchestration scenario, 125, 161 higher education systems, 182 in life as it is scenario, 147 local information education programs, 181 in order from strength scenario, 140, 161 policies for, 204–5 poverty and, 14–15 primary school, 181 secondary school, 181 teaching curricula, restructuring, 181–82 in technogarden scenario, 154 Einstein, Albert, 6 El Niño, 25, 102 EMBRAPA (Brazilian Agricultural Research Institute), 183 Endocrine impacts of pesticides, 61 Energy balance, 42 Energy efficiency, 51f, 174 Energy inefficiency, regional trends in, 42 Environmental context, 9–10, 22–25 Environmental development and search for degradation solutions, 171–72 Environmental impacts agricultural general impacts, 56–57 aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, 58–59 biodiversity declines, 58 coastal and marine ecosystems, 59 conventional systems improvement to mitigate, 173 deforestation, 57–58 freshwater ecosystems, 58 land resources and, 28–29 of transgenics, 39 water contamination, 101 Environmental protection in life as it is scenario, 147 in technogarden scenario, 157, 163 Environmental sustainability. See Sustainability Epidemics current situation, 126t in global orchestration scenario, 125, 138, 160 by scenario (overview), 132t in technogarden scenario, 154, 157 as variable, 117t See also Infectious diseases Equity issues, cross-cutting, 182 Erosion, 28–29 Ethnic groups and cultural context, 26 Eurocentrism, 192nn30 Exports and imports, 37, 38f Ex situ conservation, 102 Extension and technology transfer systems, 80 F Fair Trade movement, 105 Family farming food security and, 20b marketing channels for, 191 social heterogeneity and, 44–45 See also Traditional/indigenous system Family remittances, 22, 23f Farmer to Farmer Movement (Movimiento Campesino a Campesino), 27b, 55, 89 |
Finance and funding AKST funding amounts, trends, and consequences, 98 budgets of CGIAR centers, Monsanto, and Syngenta, 205f of capacity-building, 208–10 changes in approaches to mobilizing resources, 100–101 competitive funds, 100–101, 210 consequences of reduced financing, 98–100, 99f, 99t decentralized, 207 decline in public investment, 104 development and impact of AKST investment, 95–98, 96t–97t environmental regulations and, 176 global investment in R&D, 105t in life as it is scenario, 145, 148 policies for rural economy, 207–10 support institutions, 101 in technogarden scenario, 155 Fish and fishing biodiversity and, 24 development of, 28 die off rate, 36 fish farming, 58 food sovereignty and, 180 marine biomass, 37 overfishing, 59 FONTAGRO (Regional Fund for Agricultural Technology), 81–82, 101 Food chains overview, 42–44 integration of soybean food chain, 44b in technogarden scenario, 155 Food quality in global orchestration scenario, 138 in life as it is scenario, 145 in order from strength scenario, 144 overview, 55–56 Food safety overview, 55–56 biodiversity and, 60 in life as it is scenario, 147 in Mexico, 40 policies on, 201 transgenics and, 203 Food security overview, 17 in adaptive mosaic scenario, 151, 153, 162 biofuels and, 203 current situation, 130t in global orchestration scenario, 140 hunger and, 4, 5f in life as it is scenario, 146, 149 in order from strength scenario, 161 policies for, 190–91 R&D for, 180 and rural sustainability in Belo Horizonte, 19b–20b by scenario (overview), 137t sub-model for, 124f and sustainable agriculture in Cuba, 53b in technogarden scenario, 159 as variable, 118t women and, 192 |
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