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1

Agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean: Context,Evolution and Current Situation

Coordinating Lead Authors:
Elsa Nivia (Colombia), Ivette Perfecto (Puerto Rico)

Lead Authors:
Mario Ahumada (Chile), Karen Luz (USA), Rufino Pérez (Dominican
Republic), Julio Santamaría (Panama)

Contributing Authors:
Jahi Michael Chappell (USA), Michelle Chauvet (Mexico), Luis
Fernando Chávez (Venezuela), Clara Cruzalegui (Peru), Dalva Maria
da Mota (Brazil), Edson Gandarillas (Bolivia), Rosa Luz González
(Mexico), Tirso Gonzales (Peru), Eric Holt Jiménez (USA), Carlos J.
Pérez (Nicaragua), Ericka Prentice-Pierre (Trinidad and Tobago)

Review Editor:
Amanda Gálvez (Mexico)

  

Key Messages

1.1 Objectives and Conceptual Framework 4
1.2 Latin American and Caribbean Agricultural Production Systems 7
1.3 Regionalization 7
1.4 Global Context: Main Trends 8
1.5 Regional Context 12
  1.5.1 Evolution of development models 12
  1.5.2 Social context 13
    1.5.2.1 Poverty in Latin America and the Caribbean 13
    1.5.2.2 Inequality in land tenure 16
    1.5.2.3 Food security and food sovereignty 17
  1.5.3 Economic context 20
  1.5.4 Political context 22
  1.5.5 Environmental context 22
    1.5.5.1 General aspects of the environmental context 22
    1.5.5.2 Climate change and agriculture in Latin America and theCaribbean 24
  1.5.6 Cultural context 25
1.6 Recent Evolution and Current Situation of Agriculture in LAC 27
  1.6.1 Importance of agriculture to Latin America and the Caribbean 27
  1.6.2 Characteristics and trends in production in Latin America and the Caribbean 28
    1.6.2.1 Available resources 28
    1.6.2.2 Regional trends in production 32
     1.6.2.3 Food chains 42
     1.6.2.4 Sociocultural characteristics 44
    1.6.2.5   Knowledge 45
    1.6.2.6   Gender aspects 48
1.7 Performance of Production Systems 50
  1.7.1 Productivity 50
  1.7.2 Sustainability 54
    1.7.2.1 Traditional/indigenous system 54
    1.7.2.2 Conventional/productivist system 54
    1.7.2.3 Agroecological system 55
  1.7.3 Quality and food safety 55
  1.7.4 Impacts of the production systems 56
    1.7.4.1 Environmental impacts 56
    1.7.4.2 Social impacts 59
     1.7.4.3 Impacts on health and nutrition 60
    1.7.4.4   Economic Impacts 62

 

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