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182 | Index
| Landraces, 44 Large catchment water harvesting, 39 Large-scale farming, 14–15 Legumes, 31 Liberalization. See also Trade future trade issues and, 99–100 gender roles and, 77 governance and, 108 health and, 93 international, regional agreements and, 49t, 50, 51t pricing and, 102 social processes and, 110 Libya, 13 Life expectancies, 11 Limestone, 56 LINKS project. See Local and Indigenous Knowledge Systems project Literacy rates, 3, 11, 29–30, 111 Livestock agricultural productivity and, 32 agroforestry and, 129t decline in biodiversity of, 47–48 diseases and, 53, 101, 150 feedstuff production and, 32, 63, 132 intensification of production of, 150–51 methane emissions and, 132–33 need for research in, 88, 103 overview of, 18–19 pasture management and, 102–3 rational management of, 140 research and development and, 58t risk management and, 53, 54, 55 sustainability and, 119, 125–26 transgenics and, 93 Livestock Laboratory, 58t Living banks, 119 Local and Indigenous Knowledge Systems (LINKS) project, 68 Local knowledge. See Traditional knowledge Local markets, 64–65 M Maareb civilization, 23 Macrocatchments, 38 Macroeconomic indicators, 7–10, 9t, 10t, 65–66 Maize, 31 Manure management, 150–51 Market analyses, need for research in, 104 Market practices agricultural inputs market and, 33 improving organization of, 120 as key issue, 23 local markets and, 64–65 need for policy adaptations and, 147–48 social processes and, 110 sustainability and, 133–34 trends in as driver, 87 uncertainty and, 152–54 Mauritania, 6 Meat production, 19, 33, 63, 126 Mechanization, 77, 128, 149 Medicinal plants, 69 Meskat system, 71 Metering, 36–37 Methane emissions, 132–33 Micro water harvesting, 23 |
Microcatchments, 38 Microcenters of agricultural biodiversity, 7 Milk production, 32, 33, 52, 126 Mitigation, 132–33, 148–52 Modernization, 113–14 Monocropping, 29, 93 Monopolies, 106–7 Mountain meadow zones, 5 Multinational agreements, 45–46 N Nabatean people, 23 Nahr El Asi, 38 NAIS. See National agricultural innovation system NARIMS. See National Agricultural Research Management Information System NARS. See National agricultural research systems National Agricultural Innovation System (NAIS), 144b National Agricultural Research Information Systems (NARIS), 144 National Agricultural Research Management Information System (NARIMS), 146b National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS), 23, 66 National Center for Agriculture Research and Technology, 24 National savings rate, 8–10 Natural disasters, livestock and, 45 Natural resource management, 71–73, 84, 86t, 88–89, 103, 134–41 Negotiations, trade arrangements and, 100 Nematodes, 53 Nile River valley, 6, 7, 8b, 20, 34, 37 Nomadic groups, 5, 14 North Africa agricultural production in, 15, 16t cereal imports and, 60, 62t climate change and, 20 dams in, 38 erosion in, 6 grain production in, 22, 30–31 Nutritional status, 6, 14, 15f, 63–64, 64f, 87–88, 93, 111 O Oil crops, 32, 61 Oil Depletion Analysis Centre, 91 Oil supplies, 8 Organic farming, 28, 57, 101, 103, 130 Organic matter management, 138 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Program (OECD), 87, 141 Orontes River, 37, 70 Overgrazing, 18–19, 44, 45 P Paid ecosystem services, 110 Participatory approaches, 143 Participatory breeding programs, 48 Patent Cooperation Treaty, 46 Per capita income, 11–12 Pesticides, 3, 33, 88, 89, 148–49. See also Agrochemicals Pests, 53, 93 |
Phytosanitation, 51t, 87, 100 Planetor, 140 Plant breeding climate change and, 131–32 creation of new varieties and, 48 rational natural resource management and, 140–41 risk management and, 53 water use efficiency and, 122–23 wheat and, 43 Plant genetic resource units, 73 Plants, wild, 69–70. See also Endangered species; Gene banks Policy development genetic resources, biodiversity and, 147 institutional reform and, 148 integrated water resource management and, 146–47 land-use rights and, 145–46 markets, trade and, 147–48 risk management and, 148 social processes and, 110–11 soil and land management and, 137 Pollution, 40, 89, 126, 148–49 Population growth, 11, 12, 20, 39, 84, 93 Population statistics, 9t Postharvest process improvement, 103–4 Potable water, 11 Poverty drought and, 52–53 income distribution and, 12 migration and, 13 overview of, 9t, 11–12 sustainability and, 121 unemployment and, 11 uneven distribution of wealth and, 2 Precipitation, 3–6, 37, 90, 123 Pricing policies, 101–2, 147 Private investment, 74–75, 75t, 107–8, 112–13, 154 Privatization, 49 Processed food, 61–62 Production systems, agricultural, 14–15, 16t Production targets, 147 Professional organizations, 50, 52, 52t Protein gap, 13, 64 Public engagement, 113 Pulses, 31 Purchasing power, 63 Q Qanat tunnels, 38, 72 R Rainfed cropping, 123 Rainwater harvesting, 39, 71, 135 Rangelands, 19, 29, 30, 42t, 45, 102–3, 125–26. See also Livestock Razi Institute, 58t Recycling, wastewater and, 41 Red Sea, 6, 20 Reduced tillage systems, 23, 73, 103 Reference world scenario, defined, 84–85 Reforestation, 42 Regional trade arrangements, 49t, 49–50, 51t, 99–100 Relative humidity, 6 |
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