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Agricultural Knowledge and Technology in Latin America and the Caribbean: Plausible Scenarios for Sustainable Development | 135

Table 3-4. continued.

Variable

Global
Orchestration

 Order from
Strength		 Life as it is Adapting Mosaic
TechnoGarden

Availability of
resources for
R+D

They are irregularly
distributed across
the region. A large
part of resources
are obtained
from international
sources

Their amount
is substantially
reduced because
of decreasing
national
investments
in R+D, which
are partly
compensated
by international
sources

 Their amount
is substantially
reduced because
of decreasing
national
investments
in R+D, but
differing among
countries because
of national
circumstances.
Qualified people
leave the R+D
system.		 They are
substantially
increased, but
not enough.
They are mostly
channelled to R+D
on environmental
sustainability and
biodiversity		 There are enough
across the whole
region

Management of
R+D

It becomes more
complex and also
better appreciated
by society

There is a loss
in management
capacity

 There is a loss
in management
capacity		 It is much
appreciated by
society		 It is much appreciated
by society
Social
involvement in
the management
of R+D
 Growing
participation		 Scarce
participation		 Scarce
participation		 Large and very
active participation		 Growing participation
Performance of
R+D systems
 Systems are
effective and
focalized on the
market		 Systems are
efficient but not
relevant because
protectionism
impairs
international trade		 Systems are
effective and
focalized on the
market		 Systems are not
very efficient, but
they are effective
in regard to the
environment and
biodiversity		 Systems are highly
effective and efficient:
they are focalized on
the environment and
biodiversity
Relative spaces
of public and
private R+D
 Public-private
alliances are made
with transnational
corporations on
strictly commercial
terms		 Transnational
corporations
perform R+D
activities for
profit. Public R+D
provides input
for private R+D
activities and for
satisfying social
needs		 Transnational
corporations
perform R+D
activities for
profit. Public R+D
provides input
for private R+D
activities and for
satisfying social
needs		 Public R+D
institutions prevail
over private R+D,
but they collaborate
with each other. R+D
is strongly focused
on environmental
sustainability
and biodiversity
conservation		 Public R+D institutions
either collaborate
through commercial
alliances or compete
with each other.
Proper
technologies
for agricultural
activities
 Technologies
are aimed to
intensified
agriculture: they
are not suitable
for vulnerable
productive
systems		 Technologies
are aimed to the
production of few
common products.
When specific
technologies are
needed, they are
imported		 Technologies
are aimed to the
production of few
common products.
When specific
technologies are
needed, they are
imported		 Technologies are
aimed to satisfying
the demands from
productive systems
and are closely
adapted to local
conditions		 Social participation
in technology
development results
in products very much
adapted to user’s
needs
Incorporation
of knowledge
to productive
systems
 Is high; it is
substantiated
through inputs and
practices		 It is limited; it is
substantiated
through
commercial
enterprises		 It is limited; it is
substantiated
through
commercial
enterprises		 It is high and
particularly focused
on environmental
protection and the
development of local
innovations		 It is high, unevenly
distributed across
the region and mostly
commercially oriented
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