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Glossary | 139
within natural or managed ecosystem boundaries, to sustain
plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance
water and air quality, and support human health and
habitation. In short, the capacity of the soil to function. Subsidy Transfer of resources to an entity, which either reduces the operating costs or increases the revenues of such entity for the purpose of achieving some objective. Subsistence Agriculture Agriculture carried out for the use of the individual person or their family with few or no outputs available for sale. Sustainable Development Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable Land Management (SLM) A system of technologies and/or planning that aims to integrate ecological with socio-economic and political principles in the management of land for agricultural and other purposes to achieve intra- and intergenerational equity. Sustainable Use of Natural Resources Natural resource use is sustainable if specific types of use in a particular ecosystem are considered reasonable in the light of both the internal and the external perspective on natural resources. “Reasonable” in this context means that all actors agree that resource use fulfils productive, physical, and cultural functions in ways that will meet the longterm needs of the affected population. Technology Transfer The broad set of deliberate and spontaneous processes that give rise to the exchange and dissemination of information and technologies among different stakeholders. As a generic concept, the term is used to encompass both diffusion of technologies and technological cooperation across and within countries. Terms of Trade The international terms of trade measures a relationship between the prices of exports and the prices of imports, this being known strictly as the barter terms of trade. In this sense, deterioration in the terms of trade could have resulted if unit prices of exports had risen less than unit prices for imports. The inter-sectoral terms of trade refers to the terms of trade between sectors of the economy, e.g., rural and urban, agriculture and industry. Total Factor Productivity A measure of the increase in total output which is not accounted for by increases in total inputs. The total factor productivity index is computed as the ratio of an index of aggregate output to an index of aggregate inputs. Tradeoff Management choices that intentionally or otherwise change the type, magnitude, and relative mix of services provided by ecosystems. Transgene An isolated gene sequence used to transform an organism. Often, but not always, the transgene has been derived from a different species than that of the recipient. Transgenic An organism that has incorporated a functional foreign gene through recombinant DNA technology. The novel gene exists in all of its cells and is passed through to progeny. Undernourishment Food intake that is continuously inadequate to meet dietary energy requirement. Undernutrition The result of food intake that is insufficient to |
meet dietary energy requirements continuously, poor absorption,
and/or poor biological use of nutrients consumed. |
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