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Forests, especially mixed forests, are recognized as reservoirs of biodiversity, as contributors to improved water quality and availability and as an important component of the carbon economy. |
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will assist in better understanding the multifunctional role of forests from an economic, social and environmental perspective and promote it through appropriate sustainable management methods. |
Table 6-2. Functions and objectives of multifunctional forest management.
Functions |
Sub-categories |
Specific objectives |
Production |
Timber products |
Sawtimber, veneer, pulp and paper, panels, bark |
Bioenergy |
Firewood, charcoal, biofuels |
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Hunting |
Game management |
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Other products |
Mushrooms, fruits, pharmaceutical molecules |
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Protection and restoration |
Habitats |
Naturalness as an ecological heritage (reserves) Protected habitats Microhabitats (ponds, peat bogs) Patches of senescent forests Deadwood material (large woody debris) |
Plant biodiversity |
Endangered or rare species Ordinary biodiversity Genetic diversity |
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Diversity of other taxa |
Endangered or rare species Hunting and fishing Wildlife, birds, insects, etc. Microorganisms (e.g., soil microbes) |
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Carbon storage |
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Water quality |
Chemical (avoid nitrates, xenobiotics, raise up pH) Ecological (microbial and vertebrate diversity in streams) |
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Soil protection |
Chemical (maintenance of soil fertility) Textural (prevention of compaction) Integrity (prevention of erosion) |
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Forest health |
Limit sensitivity to diseases and disturbances |
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Human protection |
Use forest to mitigate landslides, avalanches, falling stones |
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Social function |
Landscape quality |
Meso-scale (forests in landscapes) Microscale (managing hedges for scenery) Landscape diversity (patchiness, mixtures, canopy texture) |
Naturalness as a cultural value |
Forest reserves, botanical gardens, arboreta Undisturbed or low-impacted landscapes |
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Tourism |
Hiking, bicycle paths |
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Other cultural values |
Trees, flowers, fruits, animals of high cultural relevance Religious holy sites |
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Educational value |
Forests as support for education (ecology, environment) |
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