5

Looking Forward: Role of AKST in Meeting Development and Sustainability Goals


Coordinating Lead Authors:
Numan Mizyed (Palestine), Rania Shatnawi (Jordan), Christoph
Studer (Switzerland)

Lead Authors:
Sandjar Djalalov (Uzbekistan), Ahmed El-Wakeel (Sudan),
Aggrey Majok (Sudan), Ahmed Rafea (Egypt), Alisher Tashmatov
(Uzbekistan), Maria Wurzinger (Austria)

Contributing Authors:
Dawood AlYahyai (Oman), Azzam Saleh (Palestine), Ahu Uncuoglu
(Turkey)

Review Editors:
Abid Qaiyum Suleri (Pakistan), Asha El Karib (Sudan)


Key Messages

5.1 Role of AKST in Meeting Sustainable evelopment Goals 121
  5.1.1. Hunger, nutrition, and human health 121
  5.1.2 Poverty and livelihoods 121
  5.1.3 Environmental sustainability 121
  5.1.4 Economic sustainability 122
  5.1.5 Social sustainability 122
5.2 AKST Options to Overcome the Challenges in CWANA 122
  5.2.1 Production systems management 122
    5.2.1.1 Crop production 122
    5.2.1.2 Livestock 125
    5.2.1.3 Fisheries and aquaculture 126
    5.2.1.4 Forestry and agroforestry 127
    5.2.1.5 Mechanization and labor organization in agricultural production 128
    5.2.1.6 Alternatives to conventional farming 128
    5.2.1.7 Adaptation to and mitigation of global climate change 131
    5.2.1.8 Market orientation, diversification and risk management 133
  5.2.2 Rational management of natural resources 134
    5.2.2.1 Water 134
    5.2.2.2 Soil and land 136
 
    5.2.2.3 Soil and land 136
    5.2.2.3 Biodiversity 139
    5.2.2.4 Livestock and fish 140
    5.2.2.5 Institutional considerations 140
  5.2.3 Capacity development and knowledge management 141
    5.2.3.1 Information and knowledge produced by AKSTinstitutions 142
    5.2.3.2 Integration of education, research and extension subsystems 142
    5.2.3.3 Agricultural knowledge management using information and communication technology 143
  5.2.4 Policy adaptations required to realize options 145 
    5.2.4.1 Land-use and land-tenure rights 145
    5.2.4.2 Integrated water resources management 146
    5.2.4.3 Management of genetic resources and biodiversity 147
    5.2.4.4 Markets and trade 147
    5.2.4.5 Risk management and property rights 148
    5.2.4.6 Institutional reform and role of government 148
5.3 Implications of Various Options and Possible Mitigation Measures148
  5.3.1 Intensification of crop production 149
     5.3.1.1 Use of agrochemicals 149
     5.3.1.2 Mechanization 149
    5.3.1.3 Reduction in diversity 149
  5.3.2 Intensification of livestock production 150
     5.3.2.1 Zoonoses and other diseases 150
    5.3.2.2 Residues 150
    5.3.2.3 Manure and waste management 150
  5.3.3 Fisheries and aquaculture 151
  5.3.4 Water management 151
    5.3.4.1 Conflict over water resources 151
    5.3.4.2 Depletion and development of water resources 152
    5.3.4.3 Use of unconventional water 152
5.4 Uncertainties 152
  5.4.1 Global markets and trade 152
  5.4.2 Energy prices 152
  5.4.3 Bioenergy 153
  5.4.4 Climate change 153
  5.4.5 Genetically modified organisms 153
  5.4.6 Investment in AKST 154
5.5 Ways Forward 154